A low resolution optimized model displaying a highly unusual left atrial appendage.  In 2006 the 3D Lab started utilizing rapid prototyping to aid in pre-planning of complex cases. This developed into a cardiac modeling project, which I directed, wi
 A medium resolution model (models were typically subdivided sufficiently to eliminate any faceting during printing).
 The base component of what became our most used model.  The entire right lateral aspect of the heart was detachable (all removable parts had magnets glued in recessed regions), with a detachable viewing window in the right ventricle, a completely de
 An example of a small atrial septal defect insert (the yellow regions would be flexible in the physical model).
 A rendering of the superior region of the model, showing the truncated pulmonary artery and ascending aorta sitting above the insert region for the removable left atrial appendage.
 An example of one of the many, shapes of the LAA.
 A photograph of the physical model.
 A photograph of the model showing the right side, with a catheter crossing a very large atrial septal defect and being introduced into the LAA. The removable viewing window in the right ventricular outflow tract allows direct visualization of the LA
 Interior view of the left atrium from the medial-posterior aspect, with the atrial septum on the bottom right of the image (with an artificial septal puncture site). In the center of the image is a clear, rigid mitral valve.  This model was created
 Right and left atria, and a portion of both the IVC and aorta were created as a porous membrane model, with a region around the valve plane designed to be bonded to a rigid part.
 A rendering of the final heart.
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